![]() ![]() Beginning of European "scramble for Africa".1871 - Germany unified under Otto von Bismarck.1870-1914 - Second Industrial Revolution.⚡ Watch: AP World History - □ Unit 6 Review: Modern Imperialism.1865-1909 - King Leopold rules the Congo commits human rights crimes to get rubber.1863 - Emancipation Proclamation in U.S.1859 - Suez Canal built by Britain in Egypt.1839-1876 - Tanzimat reforms in the Ottoman Empire.Establishes immense European influence over China.1806-1826 - Latin American Revolutions.1799-1815 - Napoleonic reign in France.1793 - Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin.1792 - Vindication of the Rights of Woman by Mary Wollstonecraft published.⚡ Watch: AP World History - □ Atlantic Revolutions.1776 - Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith published.Declaration of Independence would inspire others for many years.1760-1789 - First Industrial Revolution.1757 - Battle of Plassey begins English colonization in India.⚡ Watch: AP World History - □ The Age of Revolutions.1689-1725 - Peter the Great rules and westernizes Russia.New elite blend their ideas with old Han traditions.1652 - Dutch Boers colonize South Africa.1643-1715 - Louis XIV rules France absolute monarchy in France.1623-1641 - Tokugawa Iemitsu rules Japan and establishes Japanese isolationism.1607 - Britain begins colonizing the Americas with Jamestown.1602 - Dutch East India Company founded.1600 - British East India Company founded.1571 - Founding of Manila and beginning of global trade.1556-1605 - Akbar the Great rules the Mughal Empire.1545 - Discovery of silver at Potosi mine.1543 - Copernicus shares ideas about a heliocentric universe.1534 - France begins to colonize the Americas.Aurangzeb, on the other hand, persecuted Hindus and Sikhs and contributed to the empire's decline.Akbar practiced religious tolerance, inviting people of different religions to debate with him and removing the jizyah tax.2 most notable rulers: Akbar and Aurangzeb.1519-1521 - Magellan sails around the world (and dies in the Philippines).1517 - Protestant Reformation begins with Martin Luther's 95 Theses.1509-1542 - Nzinga Mbemba (Afonso I) rules the Kongo Empire.1534 - First enslaved peoples come to the Americas.Largest Sh'ia empire at the time- at odds with the Sunni Ottoman Empire.1497 - Portugal starts colonizing the Americas."Old World" trades livestock, smallpox, influenza, and coffee (the "Old World" side of this exchange will lead to the death of millions of Native Americans who are not immune to these diseases)."New World" trades corn, potatoes, tobacco, and rubber.⚡ Watch: AP World History - □ Columbian Exchange.Spanish Empire used the hacienda and encomienda system, as well as a caste system based on race.1492 - Columbus sails to the "New World"/Spain begins to colonize the Americas/Columbian Exchange begins.1450s-1480s - Russia overthrows Mongol rule in Moscow.Used mita system as labor system- everyone had to work periodically for the state in some form (later taken by Spanish).ġ453 - Ottoman conquest of Constantinople.Used quipus (knotted cords) in place of writing.Advanced economy, trade, and governmental systems.Built chinampas- "floating gardens" or islands for agriculture over their swampy land.⚡ Watch: AP World History - □ Continuities in the Americas After 1200 CE.1351-1368 - Red Turban Rebellion in China.1346 - Black Death breaks out in China.Though it was officially Islamic, the Ottoman Empire ruled over millets (or communities that were not Islamic) who had to pay the jizyah tax to practice their own religion.Used the devshirme system that took Christian boys at a young age and trained them to serve the state in positions such as Janissaries.Highly bureaucratic form of government.⚡ Watch: AP World History - □ Expanding Empires in the Early Modern Period.Traditional Chinese arts and literature grew.1279-1368 - Yuan Dynasty in China (Mongol rule).1279 - Peak of Mongol rule and Pax Mongolica on the Silk Roads.1271-1285 - Failed Mongol invasion of Japan.1258 - Mongols sack Baghdad, which was the end of the Abbasid Caliphate.Guaranteed citizens right to a fair trial.Some blending of Hindu and Islamic traditions.Mostly Turkish people who had converted to Islam (outside of the caliphate).Series of "holy wars" where Christians tried to take back Muslim land.This was a lot of work to irrigate, so there was a heavy reliance on farmers.Heavy use of champa rice, which was resistant to drought.Filial piety, Neo-Confucianism, Buddhism.⚡ Watch: AP World History - □ Dar-al-Islam in the Global Middle Ages. ![]()
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